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it says here that it was built in 1066

  • 1 say

    sei
    1. 3rd person singular present tense - says; verb
    1) (to speak or utter: What did you say?; She said `Yes'.) decir
    2) (to tell, state or declare: She said how she had enjoyed meeting me; She is said to be very beautiful.) decir
    3) (to repeat: The child says her prayers every night.) decir
    4) (to guess or estimate: I can't say when he'll return.) decir

    2. noun
    (the right or opportunity to state one's opinion: I haven't had my say yet; We have no say in the decision.) opinión, voz y voto
    - have
    - I wouldn't say no to
    - let's say
    - say
    - say the word
    - that is to say
    say vb decir
    I didn't hear him, what did he say? no lo he oído, ¿qué ha dicho?
    how do you say "laugh" in Spanish? ¿cómo se dice "laugh" en español?
    tr[seɪ]
    transitive verb (pt & pp said tr[sed])
    1 (gen) decir; (express) expresar; (state) afirmar, declarar
    ■ what did he say? ¿qué dijo?, ¿qué ha dicho?
    ■ could you say that again? ¿podrías repetir eso?
    ■ I thought you said you could cook! ¡no habías dicho que sabías cocinar!
    ■ she said to be here at 9.00 pm dijo que teníamos que estar aquí a las 9.00
    2 (prayer) rezar; (poem, lines) recitar
    3 (newspaper, sign, etc) decir; (clock, meter, etc) marcar
    ■ what does the guidebook say? ¿qué dice la guía?, ¿qué pone en la guía?
    ■ what time does your watch say? ¿qué hora marca tu reloj?
    4 (think) pensar, opinar, decir
    ■ what do you say? ¿qué opinas?
    ■ what do you say we have a break? ¿qué te parece si hacemos un descanso?
    ■ what would you say to an ice-cream? ¿te apetece un helado?
    5 (suppose) suponer, poner, decir
    ■ say you found a wallet, what would you do? supongamos que encuentras una cartera, ¿qué harías?
    ■ come round at, say, 8.00pm pásate hacia las 8.00, ¿te parece?
    ■ shall we say Saturday then? ¿quedamos el sábado, pues?
    1 opinión nombre femenino
    1 SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL familiar ¡oye!, ¡oiga!
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    having said that... a pesar de eso..., no obstante...
    I say! (calling somebody) ¡oiga!, ¡oye! 2 (surprise) ¡caramba!, ¡caray!
    I'll say! ¡ya lo creo!
    it goes without saying that... por supuesto que..., huelga decir que...
    it is said that... dicen que..., se dice que...
    never say die no rendirse
    not to have a lot to say for oneself no tener mucho que decir
    not to say... por no decir...
    not to say much for somebody/something decir mal de alguien/algo
    say no more! (interrupting) ¡basta! 2 (I understand) ¡no me digas más!
    say when! ¡ya me dirás basta!
    that is to say es decir
    the least said the better cuanto menos decimos, mejor
    to have one's say dar su opinión, hablar
    to not say a dicky-bird no decir ni pío
    to say a lot for somebody/something decir mucho en favor de alguien/algo
    to say nothing of... por no decir nada de..., por no mencionar...
    to say the least como mínimo
    to say to oneself decir para sí
    when all is said and done al fin y al cabo
    you can say that again! ¡y que lo digas!, ¡ya lo creo!
    you don't say! ¡no me digas!
    you said it! ¡ya lo creo!; ¡dímelo a mí!
    say ['seɪ] v, said ['sɛd] ; saying ; says ['sz] vt
    1) express, utter: decir, expresar
    to say no: decir que no
    that goes without saying: ni que decir tiene
    no sooner said than done: dicho y hecho
    to say again: repetir
    2) indicate: marcar, poner
    my watch says three o'clock: mi reloj marca las tres
    what does the sign say?: ¿qué pone el letrero?
    3) allege: decir
    it's said that she's pretty: se dice que es bonita
    say vi
    : decir
    say n, pl says ['seɪz] : voz f, opinión f
    to have no say: no tener ni voz ni voto
    to have one's say: dar uno su opinión
    n.
    • decir s.m.
    • voz (Voto) s.f.
    v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: said) = decir v.
    (§pres: digo, dices...) pret: dij-
    pp: dicho
    fut/c: dir-•)

    I
    1. seɪ
    (pres says sez; past & past p said sed) transitive verb
    1) (utter, express in speech) \<\<word/sentence/mass\>\> decir*; \<\<prayer\>\> rezar*

    to say good morning to somebody — darle* los buenos días a alguien

    I said yes/no — dije que sí/no

    he said yes/no to my proposal — aceptó/rechazó mi propuesta

    go away, she said — -vete- dijo

    to say something TO somebody — decirle* algo a alguien

    who shall I say is calling? — ¿de parte de quién?

    well, what can I say? — ¿y qué quieres que te diga?

    it was, how o what shall I say, a tricky situation — fue, cómo te (lo) diría, una situación delicada

    if you disagree, say so — si no está de acuerdo, dígalo

    I should say so — ( emphatic agreement) eso digo yo; ( probability) yo diría que sí

    it doesn't say much for... — no dice mucho de...

    the less said about it, the better — cuanto menos se hable del asunto, mejor

    it goes without saying that... — huelga decir que..., ni que decir tiene que..., por supuesto que...

    though I say it myself — modestia aparte, no es por decirlo

    before you could say knife o Jack Robinson — en un santiamén, en un abrir y cerrar de ojos

    2)
    a) ( state) decir*

    it said in the paper that... — el periódico decía or ponía que...

    b) \<\<watch/dial\>\> marcar*
    3)
    a) ( suppose) (colloq) suponer*, poner*

    (let's) say that... — supongamos or pongamos que...

    shall we say tomorrow? — ¿qué tal mañana? (fam)

    b) ( estimate) decir*
    4)
    a) ( allege) decir*

    he's been ill, or so he says — ha estado enfermo, al menos eso es lo que dice

    to be said to + INF: she's said to be very mean/strict — dicen que es muy tacaña/severa

    b) (decide, pronounce) decir*
    5) ( respond to suggestion) (colloq)

    what do o would you say to a cup of tea — ¿quieres or (esp Esp) te apetece una taza de té?, ¿qué te parece si nos tomamos un té?


    2.
    vi decir*

    you were saying? — ¿(qué) decías?

    who says o says who? — (colloq) ¿quién lo dice?

    you don't say! — (colloq) no me digas!

    I say! — (BrE colloq)


    II
    interjection (AmE colloq) oye! (fam)

    say, that's a great idea! — oye, qué buena idea! (fam)

    say, buddy — eh, amigo!


    III
    noun (no pl)

    to have one's say — dar* su (or mi etc) opinión

    b) ( power)

    say (IN something): I have no say in the matter yo no tengo ni voz ni voto en el asunto; to have the final say (in something) — tener* la última palabra (en algo)

    [seɪ] (vb: pt, pp said)
    1. VT
    VI
    1) [person] (=speak, tell) decir

    "hello," he said — -hola -dijo

    what did you say? — ¿qué dijiste?

    he said to me that... — me dijo que...

    to say to o.s. — decir para sí

    • say after me — repite lo que digo yo

    • to say sth again — repetir algo

    • to say goodbye to sb — despedirse de algn

    • to say good morning/ goodnight to sb — dar los buenos días/las buenas noches a algn

    • to say mass — decir misa

    • I've nothing more to say — se acabó

    • I must say (that) I disapprove of the idea — la verdad es que no me parece bien la idea

    I must say she's very pretty — tengo que or debo reconocer que es muy guapa

    it's difficult, I must say — es difícil, lo confieso

    • to say no — decir que no

    I wouldn't say no — (Brit) * me encantaría

    • to say a prayer — rezar

    • that's what I say — eso digo yo, lo mismo digo yo

    • I will say this about him, he's bright — reconozco (a pesar de todo) que es listo

    • to say yes — decir que sí

    2) (=show on dial) marcar; (=show in print) poner, decir

    it says here that it was built in 1066 — aquí pone or dice que se construyó en 1006

    the rules say that... — según las reglas..., en las reglas pone...

    • when all is said and done — al fin y al cabo, a fin de cuentas

    • she has nothing to say for herself — no tiene conversación, nunca abre la boca

    what have you got to say for yourself? — ¿y tú, qué dices?

    • to say the least — para no decir más

    • say what you like about her hat, she's charming — dígase lo que se quiera acerca de su sombrero, es encantadora

    • that's saying a lot — y eso es algo

    • though I say it or so myself — aunque soy yo el que lo dice

    • there's no saying what he'll do — quién sabe lo que hará

    • I'd rather not say — prefiero no decir (nada)

    it's an original, not to say revolutionary, idea — la idea es original y hasta revolucionaria

    • to say nothing of the rest — sin hablar de lo demás

    • would you really say so? — ¿lo crees de veras?

    • that is to say — o sea, es decir

    • what do or would you say to a walk? — ¿le apetece or se le antoja un paseo?

    what would you say to that? — ¿qué contestas a eso?

    • it goes without saying that... — ni que decir tiene que..., huelga decir que...

    it is said that..., they say that... — se dice que..., dicen que...

    • it's easier said than done — del dicho al hecho hay gran trecho

    • there's a lot to be said for it/for doing it — hay mucho que decir a su favor/a favor de hacerlo

    • it must be said that... — hay que decir or reconocer que...

    • there's something to be said for it/for doing it — hay algo que decir a su favor/a favor de hacerlo

    • no sooner said than done — dicho y hecho

    say! (esp US) —

    I'll say! * —

    you can say that again! * — ¡ya lo creo!, ¡exacto!

    • you don't say! * — (often hum) ¡no me digas!

    • enough said! — ¡basta!

    • I say! — (Brit) (calling attention) ¡oiga!; (in surprise, appreciation) ¡vaya!, ¡anda!

    • say no more! — ¡basta!, ¡ni una palabra más!

    • so you say! — ¡eso es lo que tú dices!

    • well said! — ¡muy bien dicho!

    • you've said it! * — ¡exacto!, ¡tú lo dijiste!

    6) (=suppose) suponer, decir, poner

    (let's) say it's worth £20 — supongamos or digamos or pon que vale 20 libras

    I should say it's worth about £100 — yo diría que vale unas cien libras

    shall we say Tuesday? — ¿quedamos en el martes?

    shall we say £5? — ¿convenimos en 5 libras?

    we sell it at say £25 — pongamos que lo vendemos por 25 libras

    2.
    N

    • to have one's say — dar su opinión

    I've had my say — yo he dado mi opinión or he dicho lo que pensaba

    let him have his say! — ¡que hable él!

    * * *

    I
    1. [seɪ]
    (pres says [sez]; past & past p said [sed]) transitive verb
    1) (utter, express in speech) \<\<word/sentence/mass\>\> decir*; \<\<prayer\>\> rezar*

    to say good morning to somebody — darle* los buenos días a alguien

    I said yes/no — dije que sí/no

    he said yes/no to my proposal — aceptó/rechazó mi propuesta

    go away, she said — -vete- dijo

    to say something TO somebody — decirle* algo a alguien

    who shall I say is calling? — ¿de parte de quién?

    well, what can I say? — ¿y qué quieres que te diga?

    it was, how o what shall I say, a tricky situation — fue, cómo te (lo) diría, una situación delicada

    if you disagree, say so — si no está de acuerdo, dígalo

    I should say so — ( emphatic agreement) eso digo yo; ( probability) yo diría que sí

    it doesn't say much for... — no dice mucho de...

    the less said about it, the better — cuanto menos se hable del asunto, mejor

    it goes without saying that... — huelga decir que..., ni que decir tiene que..., por supuesto que...

    though I say it myself — modestia aparte, no es por decirlo

    before you could say knife o Jack Robinson — en un santiamén, en un abrir y cerrar de ojos

    2)
    a) ( state) decir*

    it said in the paper that... — el periódico decía or ponía que...

    b) \<\<watch/dial\>\> marcar*
    3)
    a) ( suppose) (colloq) suponer*, poner*

    (let's) say that... — supongamos or pongamos que...

    shall we say tomorrow? — ¿qué tal mañana? (fam)

    b) ( estimate) decir*
    4)
    a) ( allege) decir*

    he's been ill, or so he says — ha estado enfermo, al menos eso es lo que dice

    to be said to + INF: she's said to be very mean/strict — dicen que es muy tacaña/severa

    b) (decide, pronounce) decir*
    5) ( respond to suggestion) (colloq)

    what do o would you say to a cup of tea — ¿quieres or (esp Esp) te apetece una taza de té?, ¿qué te parece si nos tomamos un té?


    2.
    vi decir*

    you were saying? — ¿(qué) decías?

    who says o says who? — (colloq) ¿quién lo dice?

    you don't say! — (colloq) no me digas!

    I say! — (BrE colloq)


    II
    interjection (AmE colloq) oye! (fam)

    say, that's a great idea! — oye, qué buena idea! (fam)

    say, buddy — eh, amigo!


    III
    noun (no pl)

    to have one's say — dar* su (or mi etc) opinión

    b) ( power)

    say (IN something): I have no say in the matter yo no tengo ni voz ni voto en el asunto; to have the final say (in something) — tener* la última palabra (en algo)

    English-spanish dictionary > say

  • 2 διά

    διά prep. w. gen. and acc. (Hom.+) (for lit. s. ἀνά, beg.); the fundamental idea that finds expression in this prep. is separation, esp. in the gen., with the gener. sense ‘through’; in the acc. the gener. sense also is ‘through’ (cp. the semantic range in Eng.), but primarily with a causal focus ‘owing to’.
    A. w. gen.
    ① marker of extension through an area or object, via, through
    ⓐ w. verbs of going διέρχεσθαι διὰ πάντων (sc. τόπων, EpArist 132) go through all the places Ac 9:32; cp. Mt 12:43; Lk 11:24. ἀπελεύσομαι διʼ ὑμῶν εἰς I will go through your city on the way to Ro 15:28; cp. 2 Cor. 1:16. διαβαίνειν Hb 11:29. διαπορεύεσθαι διὰ σπορίμων Lk 6:1. εἰσέρχεσθαι διὰ τῆς πύλης (Jos., Ant. 13, 229) Mt 7:13a; τ. θύρας J 10:1f; cp. vs. 9. παρέρχεσθαι διὰ τ. ὁδοῦ pass by along the road Mt 8:28; cp. 7:13b. παραπορεύεσθαι Mk 2:23; 9:30. περιπατεῖν διὰ τοῦ φωτός walk about through or in the light Rv 21:24. ὑποστρέφειν διὰ Μακεδονίας return through M. Ac 20:3.—Ἰης. ὁ ἐλθὼν διʼ ὕδατος καὶ αἵματος 1J 5:6 first of all refers quite literally to Jesus’ passing through water at the hand of John and through blood at his death (on the expression ‘come through blood’ in this sense cp. Eur., Phoen. 20 in Alex. Aphr., Fat. 31 II 2 p. 202, 10, of the oracle to Laius the father of Oedipus, concerning the bloody downfall of his house: πᾶς σὸς οἶκος βήσεται διʼ αἵματος). But mng. 3c may also apply: Jesus comes with the water of baptism and with the blood of redemption for his own.—AKlöpper, 1J 5:6–12: ZWT 43, 1900, 378–400.—The ῥῆμα ἐκπορευόμενον διὰ στόματος θεοῦ Mt 4:4 (Dt 8:3) is simply the word that proceeds out of the mouth of God (cp. Theognis 1, 18 Diehl3 τοῦτʼ ἔπος ἀθανάτων ἦλθε διὰ στομάτων; Pittacus in Diog. L. 1, 78 διὰ στόματος λαλεῖ; Chrysippus argues in Diog. L. 7, 187: εἴ τι λαλεῖς, τοῦτο διὰ τοῦ στόματός σου διέρχεται, i.e. if one e.g. says the word ἅμαξα, a wagon passes through the person’s lips; TestIss 7:4 ψεῦδος οὐκ ἀνῆλθε διὰ τ. χειλέων μου. Cp. also δέχεσθαι διὰ τῶν χειρῶν τινος Gen 33:10 beside δέχ. ἐκ τ. χειρ. τινος Ex 32:4).
    ⓑ w. other verbs that include motion: οὗ ὁ ἔπαινος διὰ πασῶν τ. ἐκκλησιῶν (sc. ἀγγέλλεται) throughout all the congregations 2 Cor 8:18. διαφέρεσθαι διʼ (v.l. καθʼ) ὅλης τῆς χώρας be spread through the whole region Ac 13:49. διὰ τ. κεράμων καθῆκαν αὐτόν they let him down through the tile roof Lk 5:19. διὰ τοῦ τείχους καθῆκαν through an opening in the wall (Jos., Ant. 5, 15) Ac 9:25; cp. 2 Cor 11:33. (σωθήσεται) ὡς διὰ πυρός as if he had come through fire 1 Cor 3:15. διασῴζεσθαι διʼ ὕδατος be brought safely through the water 1 Pt 3:20.—διʼ ὅλου J 19:23 s. ὅλος 2.
    ⓐ of a whole period of time, to its very end throughout, through, during διὰ παντός (sc. χρόνου. Edd. gener. write διὰ παντός, but Tdf. writes διαπαντός exc. Mt 18:10) always, continually, constantly (Hdt. 1, 122, 3; Thu. 1, 38, 1; Vett. Val. 220, 1; 16; PLond I, 42, 6 [172 B.C.] p. 30; BGU 1078, 2; PGM 7, 235; LXX; GrBar 10:7; EpArist index; Jos., Ant. 3, 281; SibOr Fgm. 1, 17; Just., D. 6, 2; 12, 3 al.) Mt 18:10; Mk 5:5; Lk 24:53; Ac 2:25 (Ps 15:8); 10:2; 24:16; Ro 11:10 (Ps 68:24); 2 Th 3:16; Hb 9:6; 13:15; Hm 5, 2, 3; Hs 9, 27, 3. διὰ νυκτός during the night, overnight (νύξ 1b) Ac 23:31. διʼ ὅλης νυκτός the whole night through Lk 5:5; J 21:6 v.l. (X., An. 4, 2, 4; Diod S 3, 12, 3 διʼ ὅλης τῆς νυκτός; PGM 4, 3151; Jos., Ant. 6, 37; cp. διʼ ἡμέρας all through the day: IPriene 112, 61 and 99; 1 Macc 12:27; 4 Macc 3:7). διʼ ἡμερῶν τεσσεράκοντα Ac 1:3 means either for forty days (Philo, Vi. Cont. 35 διʼ ἓξ ἡμερῶν. So AFridrichsen, ThBl 6, 1927, 337–41; MEnslin, JBL 47, 1928, 60–73) or (s. b below) now and then in the course of 40 days (B-D-F §223, 1; Rob. 581; WMichaelis, ThBl 4, 1925, 102f; Bruce, Acts). διὰ παντὸς τοῦ ζῆν throughout the lifetime Hb 2:15 (cp. διὰ παντὸς τοῦ βίου: X., Mem. 1, 2, 61; Pla., Phileb. 39e; Dionys. Hal. 2, 21; διʼ ὅλου τοῦ ζῆν EpArist 130; 141; 168).
    ⓑ of a period of time within which someth. occurs during, at (PTebt 48, 10) διὰ (τῆς) νυκτός at night, during the night (Palaeph. 1, 10; PRyl 138, 15 κατέλαβα τοῦτον διὰ νυκτός; Jos., Bell. 1, 229. S. νύξ 1b end) Ac 5:19; 16:9; 17:10. διὰ τῆς ἡμέρας during the day Lk 9:37 D (Antig. Car. 128 διὰ πέμπτης ἡμέρας=on the fifth day). διὰ τριῶν ἡμερῶν within three days Mt 26:61; Mk 14:58.
    ⓒ of an interval of time, after (Hdt. 6, 118, 3 διʼ ἐτέων εἴκοσι; Thu. 2, 94, 3; X., Mem. 2, 8, 1; Diod S 5, 28, 6 of transmigration of souls: διʼ ἐτῶν ὡρισμένων [=after the passing of a certain number of years] πάλιν βιοῦν; OGI 56, 38; 4 Macc 13:21; Jos., Ant. 4, 209): διʼ ἐτῶν πλειόνων after several years Ac 24:17. διὰ δεκατεσσάρων (s. under δέκα) ἐτῶν after 14 years Gal 2:1. διʼ ἡμερῶν several days afterward Mk 2:1. διὰ ἱκανοῦ χρόνου after (quite) some time Ac 11:2 D (X., Cyr. 1, 4, 28 διὰ χρόνου).
    ③ marker of instrumentality or circumstance whereby someth. is accomplished or effected, by, via, through
    ⓐ of means or instrument γράφειν διά χάρτου καὶ μέλανος write w. paper and ink 2J 12; cp. 3J 13 (Plut., Sol. 87 [17, 3]). διὰ πυρὸς δοκιμάζειν test by fire 1 Pt 1:7. διὰ χρημάτων κτᾶσθαι Ac 8:20. Hebraistically in expr. denoting activity διὰ χειρῶν τινος (LXX) Mk 6:2; Ac 5:12; 14:3; 19:11, 26. Differently γράφειν διὰ χειρός τινος write through the agency of someone 15:23; cp. 11:30. εἰπεῖν διὰ στόματός τινος by the mouth of someone (where the usage discussed in A1a is influential) 1:16; 3:18, 21; 4:25. εὔσημον λόγον διδόναι διὰ τῆς γλώσσης utter intelligible speech with the tongue 1 Cor 14:9. διὰ τοῦ νοὸς λαλεῖν speak, using one’s reason (=consciously; opp., ecstatic speech) vs. 19 v.l. Of the work of Christ: περιποιεῖσθαι διὰ τοῦ αἵματος obtain through his blood Ac 20:28; cp. Eph 1:7; Col 1:20. Also διὰ τοῦ θανάτου Ro 5:10; Col 1:22; Hb 2:14; διὰ τοῦ σώματος Ro 7:4; διὰ τῆς ἰδίας σαρκός AcPlCor 2:6; cp. 2:15; διὰ τοῦ σταυροῦ Eph 2:16; διὰ τῆς θυσίας Hb 9:26; διὰ τῆς προσφορᾶς τοῦ σώματος Ἰησοῦ through the offering of the body of Jesus 10:10; διὰ παθημάτων 2:10.
    ⓑ of manner, esp. w. verbs of saying: ἀπαγγέλλειν διὰ λόγου by word of mouth Ac 15:27; cp. 2 Th 2:15. διʼ ἐπιστολῶν by letter (POxy 1066, 9; 1070, 14f πολλάκις σοι γράψας διὰ ἐπιστολῶν πολλῶν; Tat. 12:3 δια γραφῆς in writing) 1 Cor 16:3; 2 Cor 10:11; cp. 2 Th 2:2, 15. διὰ λόγου πολλοῦ w. many words Ac 15:32. διʼ ὁράματος εἰπεῖν in a vision 18:9. διὰ παραβολῆς in an illustrative way, in a parable Lk 8:4. διὰ προσευχῆς καὶ δεήσεως προσεύχεσθαι call on (God) w. prayer and supplication Eph 6:18. διὰ βραχέων ἐπιστέλλειν write briefly Hb 13:22 (cp. 1 Pt 5:12 P72; Isocr. 14, 3; Lucian, Tox. 56; EpArist 128; Ath. 17:1 σκέψασθε … διὰ βρ.). Also διʼ ὀλίγων γράφειν 1 Pt 5:12 (Pla., Phileb. 31d; UPZ 42, 9 [162 B.C.]; 2 Macc 6:17).
    ⓒ of attendant or prevailing circumstance (Kühner-G. I 482f; X., Cyr. 4, 6, 6 διὰ πένθους τὸ γῆρας διάγων; Just., D. 105, 2 διʼ οὗ πάθους ἔμελλενἀποθνῄσκειν; PTebt 35, 9 [111 B.C.] διὰ τῆς γνώμης τινός=with someone’s consent; Jos., Bell. 4, 105) σὲ τὸν διὰ γράμματος καὶ περιτομῆς παραβάτην νόμου you who, (though provided) with the written code and circumcision, are a transgressor/violator of the law Ro 2:27. διʼ ὑπομονῆς 8:25. διὰ προσκόμματος eat with offense (to the scruples of another) 14:20. διʼ ἀκροβυστίας in a state of being uncircumcised 4:11. διὰ πολλῶν δακρύων with many tears 2 Cor 2:4. Cp. 6:7. διὰ τῆς ἐπιγνώσεως 2 Pt 1:3 ( through recognition [of God as source of the gifts], s. Danker, Benefactor 457). διὰ πυρός in fiery form AcPlCor 2:13.—Here prob. belongs σωθήσεται διὰ τῆς τεκνογονίας 1 Ti 2:15 (opp. of the negative theme in Gen. 3:16), but s. d next. On 1J 5:6 s. A1a above.
    ⓓ of efficient cause via, through διὰ νόμου ἐπίγνωσις ἁμαρτίας ( only) recognition of sin comes via the law Ro 3:20; cp. 4:13. τὰ παθήματα τὰ διὰ τοῦ νόμου passions aroused via the law 7:5. διὰ νόμου πίστεως by the law of faith 3:27; Gal 2:19. ἀφορμὴν λαμβάνειν διὰ τῆς ἐντολῆς Ro 7:8, 11; cp. 13. διὰ τ. εὐαγγελίου ὑμᾶς ἐγέννησα (spiritual parenthood) 1 Cor 4:15. Perh. 1 Ti 2:15 but s. c, above. διὰ τῆς σοφίας with its wisdom 1 Cor 1:21; opp. διὰ τῆς μωρίας τοῦ κηρύγματος through the folly of proclamation = foolish proclamation ibid. διὰ τῆς Λευιτικῆς ἱερωσύνης Hb 7:11. Freq. διὰ (τῆς) πίστεως Ro 1:12; 3:22, 25, 30f; Gal 2:16; 3:14, 26; Eph 2:8; 3:12, 17 al. Cp. AcPl Cor 2:8. πίστις διʼ ἀγάπης ἐνεργουμένη faith which works through (=expresses itself in) deeds of love Gal 5:6. διὰ θελήματος θεοῦ if God is willing Ro 15:32; by the will of God 1 Cor 1:1; 2 Cor 1:1; 8:5; Eph 1:1; Col 1:1; 2 Ti 1:1.
    ⓔ of occasion διὰ τῆς χάριτος by virtue of the grace Ro 12:3; Gal 1:15 (Just., D. 100, 2).—3:18; 4:23; Phlm 22. διὰ δόξης καὶ ἀρετῆς in consequence of his glory and excellence 2 Pt 1:3 v.l.
    ⓕ in wording of urgent requests διὰ τῶν οἰκτιρμῶν τοῦ θεοῦ by the mercy of God Ro 12:1; cp. 15:30; 1 Cor 1:10; 2 Cor 10:1.
    ④ marker of pers. agency, through, by
    ⓐ with focus on agency through ( the agency of), by (X., An. 2, 3, 17 διʼ ἑρμηνέως λέγειν; Menand., Fgm. 210, 1 οὐθεὶς διʼ ἀνθρώπου θεὸς σῴζει … ἑτέρου τόν ἕτερον; Achilles Tat. 7, 1, 3 διʼ ἐκείνου μαθεῖν; Just., D. 75, 4 διὰ παρθένου γεννηθῆναι; PMert 5, 8 γεομετρηθῆναι διʼ αὐτοῦ) ῥηθὲν διὰ τοῦ προφήτου Mt 1:22; 2:15, 23; 4:14 al. (cp. Just., A I, 47, 5 διὰ Ἠσαίου τοῦ πρ.). γεγραμμένα διὰ τῶν προφητῶν Lk 18:31; cp. Ac 2:22; 10:36; 15:12 al. διʼ ἀνθρώπου by human agency Gal 1:1. διὰ Μωϋσέως through Moses (Jos., Ant. 7, 338; Mel., P. 11, 77 διὰ χειρὸς Μωυσέως) J 1:17; under Moses’ leadership Hb 3:16. διʼ ἀγγέλων by means of divine messengers (TestJob 18:5 διὰ τοῦ ἀγγέλου; cp. Jos., Ant. 15, 136, but s. n. by RMarcus, Loeb ed., ad loc.) Gal 3:19; Hb 2:2. πέμψας διὰ τ. μαθητῶν εἶπεν sent and said through his disciples Mt 11:2f. Cp. the short ending of Mk. γράφειν διά τινος of the bearer IRo 10:1; IPhld 11:2; ISm 12:1, but also of pers. who had a greater or smaller part in drawing up some document (Dionys. of Cor. in Eus., HE 4, 23, 11) 1 Pt 5:12 (on the practice s. ERichards, The Secretary in the Letters of Paul ’91). In this case διά comes close to the mng. represented by (LWenger, D. Stellvertretung im Rechte d. Pap. 1906, 9ff; Dssm., LO 98 [LAE 123f]). So also κρίνει ὁ θεὸς διὰ Χρ. Ἰ. God judges, represented by Christ Jesus Ro 2:16. Christ as intermediary in the creation of the world J 1:3, 10; 1 Cor 8:6; Col 1:16.—εὐχαριστεῖν τ. θεῷ διὰ Ἰ. Χρ. thank God through Jesus Christ Ro 1:8; 7:25; Col 3:17.—Occasionally the mediation becomes actual presence (references for this usage in BKeil, Anonymus Argentinensis 1902, p. 192, 1; 306 note) διὰ πολλῶν μαρτύρων in the presence of many witnesses 2 Ti 2:2 (Simplicius in Epict. p. 114, 31 διὰ θεοῦ μέσου=in the presence of God as mediator; Philo, Leg. ad Gai. 187 τὸ διὰ μαρτύρων κλαίειν=weeping in the presence of witnesses).
    ⓑ with focus on the originator of an action (Hom. et al.; pap, LXX, EpArist)
    α. of human activity (PSI 354, 6 [254 B.C.] τὸν χόρτον τὸν συνηγμένον διʼ ἡμῶν=by us; 500, 5; 527, 12; 1 Esdr 6:13; 2 Macc 6:21; 4 Macc 1:11) 2 Cor 1:11 (where διὰ πολλῶν resumes ἐκ πολλῶν προσώπων). ᾧ παρέλαβε κανόνι διὰ τῶν μακαρίων προφήτων καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου εὐαγγελίου AcPlCor 2:36.
    β. of divine activity:—of God (Aeschyl., Ag. 1485; Pla., Symp. 186e ἡ ἰατρικὴ πᾶσα διὰ τ. θεοῦ τούτου [Asclepius] κυβερνᾶται; Ael. Aristid., Sarap. [Or. 8 Dind.=45 Keil] 14 K. πάντα γὰρ πανταχοῦ διὰ σοῦ τε καὶ διὰ σὲ ἡμῖν γίγνεται; Zosimus in CALG p. 143 and a magic ring in introd. 133; EpArist 313) 1 Cor 1:9 διʼ οὗ ἐκλήθητε (v.l. ὑπό s. καλέω 4); Ro 11:36 (s. Norden, Agn. Th. 240–50; 347f); Hb 2:10b (s. B 2a, below; cp. Ar. 1:5 διʼ αὐτοῦ … τὰ πάντα συνέστηκεν).—Of Christ Ro 1:5; 5:9, 17f, 21; 8:37; 2 Cor 1:20 al. (ASchettler, D. paulin. Formel ‘durch Christus’ 1907; GJonker, De paulin. formule ‘door Christus’: ThSt 27, 1909, 173–208).—Of the Holy Spirit Ac 11:28; 21:4; Ro 5:5.
    ⑤ At times διά w. gen. seems to have causal mng. (Rdm. 142; POxy 299, 2 [I A.D.] ἔδωκα αὐτῷ διὰ σοῦ=because of you; Achilles Tat. 3, 4, 5 διὰ τούτων=for this reason; in Eng. cp. Coleridge, Anc. Mariner 135–36: Every tongue thro’ utter drouth Was wither’d at the root, s. OED s.v. ‘through’ I B 8) διὰ τῆς σαρκός because of the resistance of the flesh Ro 8:3.—2 Cor 9:13.—On the use of διά w. gen. in Ro s. Schlaeger, La critique radicale de l’épître aux Rom.: Congr. d’ Hist. du Christ. II 111f.
    B. w. acc.
    ① marker of extension through an area, through (Hom. and other early Gk. only in poetry, e.g. Pind. P. 9, 123 διʼ ὅμιλον ‘through the throng’; Hellenistic prose since Dionys. Hal. [JKäser, D. Präpositionen b. Dionys. Hal., diss. Erlangen 1915, 54]; ISyriaW 1866b τὸν πάτρωνα διὰ πάντα of the governor of a whole province) διήρχετο διὰ μέσον Σαμαρείας καὶ Γαλιλαίας Lk 17:11 (cp. SibOr 3, 316 ῥομφαία διελεύσεται διὰ μέσον σεῖο).
    ② marker of someth. constituting cause
    ⓐ the reason why someth. happens, results, exists: because of, for the sake of (do something for the sake of a divinity: UPZ 62, 2 [161 B.C.] διὰ τὸν Σάραπιν; JosAs 1:10 διʼ αὐτήν; ApcSed 3:3 διὰ τὸν ἄνθρωπον; Tat. 8:2 διὰ τὸν … Ἄττιν; Ath. 30, 1 διὰ τὴν Δερκετώ) hated because of the name Mt 10:22; persecution arises because of teaching 13:21; because of unbelief vs. 58; because of a tradition 15:3; διὰ τὸν ἄνθρωπον (the sabbath was designed) for people Mk 2:27; because of Herodias Mk 6:17 (cp. Just. D. 34, 8 διὰ γυναῖκα); because of a crowd Lk 5:19; 8:19 al; because of Judeans Ac 16:3. διὰ τὸν θόρυβον 21:34; because of rain 28:2. Juristically to indicate guilt: imprisoned for insurrection and murder Lk 23:25. διʼ ὑμᾶς on your account=through your fault Ro 2:24 (Is 52:5). διὰ τὴν πάρεσιν because of the passing over 3:25 (but s. WKümmel, ZTK 49, ’52, 164). διὰ τὰ παραπτώματα on account of transgressions 4:25a (cp. Is 53:5; PsSol 13:5); but διὰ τὴν δικαίωσιν in the interest of justification vs. 25b; s. 8:10 for a sim. paired use of διὰ. διὰ τὴν χάριν on the basis of the grace 15:15. διʼ ἀσθένειαν τῆς σαρκός because of a physical ailment (cp. POxy 726, 10f [II A.D.] οὐ δυνάμενος διʼ ἀσθένειαν πλεῦσαι. Cp. ἀσθένεια 1) Gal 4:13. διὰ τὸ θέλημα σου by your will Rv 4:11. διὰ τὸν χρόνον according to the time = by this time Hb 5:12 (Aelian, VH 3, 37 δ. τὸν χρ.=because of the particular time-situation).—W. words denoting emotions out of (Diod S 5, 59, 8 διὰ τὴν λύπην; 18, 25, 1 διὰ τὴν προπέτειαν=out of rashness; Appian, Celt. 1 §9 διʼ ἐλπίδα; 2 Macc 5:21; 7:20; 9:8; 3 Macc 5:32, 41; Tob 8:7): διὰ φθόνον out of envy Mt 27:18; Phil 1:15. διὰ σπλάγχνα ἐλέους out of tender mercy Lk 1:78. διὰ τ. φόβον τινός out of fear of someone J 7:13. διὰ τὴν πολλὴν ἀγάπην out of the great love Eph 2:4. διὰ τ. πλεονεξίαν in their greediness B 10:4.—Of God as the ultimate goal or purpose of life, whereas διά w. gen. (s. A4bβ above) represents God as Creator, Hb 2:10a (s. Norden, op. cit.; PGM 13, 76 διὰ σὲ συνέστηκεν … ἡ γῆ). Cp. J 6:57 (s. Bultmann ad loc.) PtK 2.
    ⓑ in direct questions διὰ τί; why? (Hyperid. 3, 17; Dio Chrys. 20 [37], 28; Ael. Aristid. 31 p. 597 D.; oft. LXX; TestJob 37:8; TestLevi 2:9; GrBar, Tat; Mel., Fgm. 8b, 42) mostly in an interrogative clause Mt 9:11, 14; 13:10; 15:2f; 17:19; 21:25; Mk 2:18; 11:31; Lk 5:30; 19:23, 31; 20:5; 24:38; J 7:45; 8:43, 46; 12:5; 13:37; Ac 5:3; 1 Cor 6:7; Rv 17:7. Simply διὰ τί; (Hyperid. 3, 23) Ro 9:32; 2 Cor 11:11. Also διατί (always in t.r. and often by Tdf.; TestJob 46:2) B 8:4, 6; Hm 2:5; Hs 5, 5, 5. Kvan Leeuwen Boomkamp, Τι et Διατι dans les évangiles: RevÉtGr 39, 1926, 327–31.—In real and supposed answers and inferences διὰ τοῦτο therefore (X., An. 1, 7, 3; 7, 19; oft. LXX; JosAs 7:7; Ar. 12, 2; Just., A I, 44, 5 al.; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 2, 3 Jac.) Mt 6:25; 12:27, 31; 13:13, 52; 14:2; 18:23; 21:43; 23:13 v.l.; 24:44; Mk 11:24; 12:24; Lk 11:19 al. Also διὰ ταῦτα (Epict.) Eph 5:6. διὰ τοῦτο ὅτι for this reason, (namely) that J 5:16, 18; 8:47; 10:17; 12:18, 39; 15:19; 1J 3:1. διὰ τοῦτο ἵνα for this reason, (in order) that (Lucian, Abdic. 1) J 1:31; 2 Cor 13:10; 1 Ti 1:16; Phlm 15. Also διὰ τοῦτο ὅπως Hb 9:15.
    ⓒ διά foll. by inf. or acc. w. inf., representing a causal clause, because (Gen 39:9; Dt 1:36; 1 Macc 6:53; GrBar 8:4; Demetr.: 722 fgm 1:1 al.) διὰ τὸ μὴ ἔχειν βάθος because it had no depth Mt 13:5f; Mk 4:5f (διὰ τὸ μή w. inf.: X., Mem. 1, 3, 5; Hero Alex. I 348, 7; III 274, 19; Lucian, Hermot. 31); because lawlessness increases Mt 24:12; διὰ τὸ εἶναι αὐτὸν ἐξ οἴκου Δ.. Lk 2:4; because it was built well 6:48 al. διὰ τὸ λέγεσθαι ὑπό τινων because it was said by some Lk 9:7 (for the constr. cp. Herodian 7, 12, 7 διὰ τὸ τὰς ἐξόδους ὑπὸ τ. πυρὸς προκατειλῆφθαι=because the exit-routes were blocked by the fire).
    ⓓ instead of διά w. gen. to denote the efficient cause we may have διά, by
    α. w. acc. of thing (schol. on Pind., N. 4, 79a; 2 Macc 12:11; EpArist 77) διὰ τὸ αἷμα by the blood Rv 12:11. διὰ τὰ σημεῖα by the miracles 13:14.
    β. w. acc. of pers. and freq. as expr. of favorable divine action (Aristoph., Plut. 468; Dionys. Hal. 8, 33, 3, 1579 μέγας διὰ τ. θεούς ἐγενόμην; Ael. Aristid. 24, 1 K.=44 p. 824 D.: διʼ οὓς [= θεούς] ἐσώθην; SIG 1122; OGI 458, 40; PGM 13, 579 διῳκονομήθη τ. πάντα διὰ σέ; EpArist 292; Sir 15:11; 3 Macc 6:36: other exx. in SEitrem and AFridrichsen, E. christl. Amulett auf Pap. 1921, 24). ζῶ διὰ τὸν πατέρα J 6:57 (cp. PKöln VI, 245, 16 of Isis σὺ κυρεῖς τὰ πάντα, διὰ σὲ δʼ εἰσορῶ φαός ‘you are responsible for everything and thanks to you I can see light’). διὰ τὸν ὑποτάξαντα by the one who subjected it Ro 8:20.—DELG. M-M. TW.

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